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Oakton Community College

Philosophy 230 0G1: Ancient & Medieval Philosophy

Fall 2009: MW 9:30-10:45 DP 1457

 

Instructor: Professor Thomas Bowen

Office and Office Hours: DP 2831

Office Phone: (847) 376-7084

Division III Office and Phone: DP 2430, (847) 635-1950

Email: tbowen@oakton.edu

Homepage: http://www.oakton.edu/user/~tbowen/

 

I.

Course Prefix

Course Number

Course Name

Credit

Lecture

Lab

 

PHL

 

230

 

Ancient and Medieval Philosophy

3

3

0

 

II. Prerequisites

 

None

 

III. Course (Catalogue) Description

 

This course gives historical overview of philosophical inquiry from pre-Socratic philosophers, through classic works of Plato and Aristotle, and on to works of medieval philosophers such as Averroes, Avicenna, Maimonides, and Aquinas.

 

IV. Learning Objectives

 

A.    Students will develop an understanding of the beginnings of western philosophy and the classic works of philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle.

B.    Students will develop their critical thinking skills.  They will examine criticisms of all the philosophical theories they study and will debate the alternative solutions offered by these theories to enduring philosophical questions.

C.   They will study the development of Western philosophy and the ways in which philosophers uncover and critique the hidden assumptions of their predecessors.

D.   Students will understand the centrality of the Islamic and Jewish philosophy to the continuity of the Western tradition.

E.    Students will understand the historical contexts within which these theories arose.

F.    Students will learn how these philosophers applied ethical principles to the enduring questions of human life.

V. Academic Integrity

Students and employees at Oakton Community College are required to demonstrate academic integrity and follow Oakton’s Code of Academic Conduct. This code prohibits:

·        cheating,

·        plagiarism (turning in work not written by you, or lacking proper citation),

·        falsification and fabrication (lying or distorting the truth),

·        helping others to cheat,

·        unauthorized changes on official documents,

·        pretending to be someone else or having someone else pretend to be you,

·        making or accepting bribes, special favors, or threats, and

·        any other behavior that violates academic integrity.

There are serious consequences to violations of the academic integrity policy. Oakton’s policies and procedures provide students a fair hearing if a complaint is made against you.  If you are found to have violated the policy, the minimum penalty is failure on the assignment and, a disciplinary record will be established and kept on file in the office of the Vice President for Student Affairs for a period of 3 years.

 

Details of the Code of Academic Conduct can be found in the Student Handbook.

 

VI. Outline of Topics: Friendship, Love, Sex and the Good.

(See Schedule for reading and assignment due dates)

 

This course covers a time period that stretches from approximately 450 BCE (before the Common Era) to 1300 CE (Common Era)—around 1700 years. Further, the major historical and philosophical developments take place in extremely diverse cultural settings—from the Classical Greek cultural framework of Athens, to the Roman Imperial and Provincial Culture, to the early Christian Roman culture of the East (Byzantium) and North Africa, to the Islamic culture of the Abbasid dynasty in Mesopotamia and the (rather different) culture of Muslim Spain, and finally to the various Christian cultures of Medieval Europe. The rather vast temporal and cultural scope can make for a rather daunting course—even if it was only a survey course of the main thinkers of the periods and cultures mentioned.

 

However, this is not a survey course. We will, of course, be concerned with understanding the works of paramount thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Maimonides, Al Farabi and Aquinas. However, the main interest or point of this course is to use the wealth of conceptual material provided by these thinkers to engage in our own philosophical projects. The best way to structure such an attempt is to look at all of this material through a specific lens or focus. The focus of this course is the centrality, the diversity, and the complexity of human relationships.

 

Philosophy is ultimately concerned with making sense of human life and existence. It seems obvious that a central component of human life is our relations with other human beings: our family, our friends, our colleagues, our co-religionists, our grocers, our barbers, our enemies and our lovers. All of these relations help define who and what we are as individuals and collectively as families, parishes or congregations, nations, and humans. But, what are these relations? How do they come about and what are the guidelines for living a life of friendship and love (or enmity and hate if you want to go that route)? How do we understand ourselves through these inter-subjective relations? How do we understand intimacy—of lovers, friends, family members, or even enemies? What, when it comes down to it, is friendship? What is love?

 

These are, of course, questions that are asked by everyone—they are very popular in song, poetry, literature, television, movies, and everyday stories. Undoubtedly, there are numerous sociological and psychological treatises on these subjects (as well, I imagine, as biological treatises). But, in this course we are going to approach this subject matter by examining the work of philosophy. I will not claim that philosophy offers better answers to the question of love and friendship than other academic disciplines, but I will make this claim: if you take this material seriously (which doesn’t mean that you can’t enjoy it, quite the contrary), you will come away with a better understanding of the questions themselves.

 

Below you will find a tentative outline of the topics and readings we will cover in the course. Please refer to the Schedule of Readings attached to this syllabus for specific dates for each reading and the dates of the exams.

 

I.                     Love, Friendship and Politics in Ancient Athens.

II.                   Eros and Agape: Friendship in early Christian Philosophy.

III.                  Rediscovering the Ancients: Friendship, Love and Politics in Islamic and Jewish Philosophy.

IV.               Erotic Love and Christian Faith: Love, Friendship and Politics in the Medieval Christianity.

V.                 Conclusion: Friendship, Love and Human Life.

 

VII. Instructional Materials

The following are texts that we will either read in their totality or in substantial portions. These texts can be found in the Oakton Book Store. We will also be reading other material that can either be found online (through the course webpage) or will be handed out by the instructor. Remember to always bring your texts to class. There may also be a few movies, short stories and/or plays.

 

Plato, The Trial and Death of Socrates

Plato, Plato on Love

Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics

Epicurus, The Essential Epicurus

Boethius, The Consolation of Philosophy

 

 

VIII. Methods of Instruction

·        Minimal lecture

·        Seminar style discussion

·        Presentations and readings

This course is structured primarily as a seminar. Remember, that the key objective (connected with those listed in the course objectives) is for students to begin to think clearly, carefully, and confidently about the material presented in the course, and about the particular topics, questions and issued raised by that material i.e., for the students to engage at some level in the very work of philosophy. This cannot take place in a lecture class. There will be periodic lectures in order to fill in background information and material otherwise unknown to the student, but the primary method of learning requires the student to engage in active and thoughtful discussion—based on the readings—with the class. Thus, the primary method of instruction in the course will be carefully organized and led inquiries into the texts.

 

IX. Course Practices Required

 

A. Attendance (10%)

 

As part of the “great books” curriculum, this class will function primarily as a seminar. This requires that students take an active part in beginning, shaping and developing the content of the course. Thus, student participation is a significant component of this class. The main emphasis of this course is to raise and discuss the essential questions and problems that characterize the "discipline" of philosophy in its early and middle development. Discussion and conversation are very important for the learning and development of philosophy and philosophical reasoning.

Useful discussion requires at least two essential factors: first, students need to be present in class, and second, students must be conversant with the material.

Thus students are expected to have completed all of the readings on the date they are due and be ready to discuss them.

 

You will not receive credit for classes that you do not attend—regardless of the reason for your absence. You receive the credit for being in class—if you are not in class, you simply cannot receive the credit. If a student comes to class late or leaves class early, the student will only earn half credit for that day.

 

Please note: there are no excused absences for this class. Whatever the reason that you miss, you will not receive credit for attending –since you did not.

 

B. Participation and Discussion (20%)

 

As noted above, this course depends on student participation and discussion. Thus it is absolutely essential that students come to class having read the material and thought carefully about it. Every day each student will be responsible for being able to respond to the readings, questions, for posing their own questions about the reading, and for responding to the questions from other students.

 

You will be graded on your participation in class discussion. Every class each student will receive an A, B, C, or F for their participation in the discussion. The grades will be assigned as follows:

 

“A” – You respond clearly and thoughtfully to the readings, as well as questions and ideas posed by other colleagues, such that you demonstrate a high level of engagement with the texts and your peers. You also consistently raise interesting questions about the materials. Finally, you creatively link your interpretations, questions, and ideas to specific passages or images in the text(s), as well as make significant connections between texts, writers and filmmakers under discussion to contemporary issues.

 

“B” – You respond thoughtfully to the reading, such that you demonstrate significant engagement with the texts and your peers. You raise some interesting questions about the material and generally are able to link your interpretations, questions, and ideas to specific passages or images in the text(s), as well as make relevant connections between materials and artists under discussion and contemporary issues.

 

“C” – You respond to some questions and participate in activities, but fail to demonstrate that you have read and prepared for class very carefully. You have difficulty raising interesting questions about the material and cannot clearly link your interpretations, questions, and ideas to specific passages or images in the text(s), nor are you able to make meaningful connections between materials and artists under discussion and contemporary issues.

 

“F” – You cannot respond to questions or participate meaningfully in activities, such that you clearly demonstrate a lack of engagement with the texts and your peers. You fail to raise interesting questions based on the course materials, or you do not speak at all during class.

 

Please note: you will receive an “F” for participation for any class from which you are absent (again, independently of the reason for your absence), and you cannot receive more than a “B” for any class to which you arrive late or from which you leave early.

 

C. Guidelines for Class Discussion

 

What follows are some simple rules that we will use to help foster strong and meaningful discussion in the class. Every student must agree to abide by these rules. So, read them carefully and make sure you understand them fully.

 

Students must bring a copy of the reading to class in order to participate in the discussion.

a.      Since discussion is text-based, it is essential that students come with the text.

Students must prepare (read and think carefully about) the reading in order to participate in the discussion.

b.      Students who have not prepared adequately will be unable to offer textual support for their ideas and interpretations, and their responses to other students’ ideas and interpretations.

c.      Remember that a great deal of this class is about how to read carefully and critically, and how to think about what you have read.

d.      The schedule of readings may change over the course of the semester –so you should make sure that you keep abreast of the changes.

Students must be able to support their ideas, interpretations, criticisms, and questions with evidence from the text.

e.      It is permissible to make reference to evidence outside of the text –personal experience, contemporary events, etc.—but, only in support of ideas which themselves have originated or respond in some way to the text itself.

f.        If you are responding to a comment or idea from another student, again, you must be able to make reference to the text for support.

Students must be respectful to one another during the discussion.

g.      In interacting with one another it is essential to be respectful and considerate.

h.      Do not use racial, sexual or ethnic slurs.

i.        Students who are disrespectful or inconsiderate to others will be asked to leave the classroom, and may not be permitted to return.

While there are a number of possible interpretations, some interpretations are stronger or better than others.

j.         The idea here is to learn together (and this includes the professor) –you should try not to “wed” yourself to a particular position, but be willing to change your mind if the evidence suggests that your interpretation is not as strong as an alternative interpretation.

k.      Those interpretations that are more strongly supported by the text are stronger than other interpretations.

l.         Part of our job here is to discover the best interpretation and understanding of the material that is possible.

 

D. Writing Assignments: Analysis and Response Papers (40%)

 

For a variety of reasons (which we can discuss if you like) writing is very important for learning, particularly for learning philosophy. Thus, a significant portion of your grade will be composed of writing assignments. All writing assignments must be typed (unless they are written in class) and must follow the basic rules of grammar. Edit anything you write for me—and write more than one draft of even the simplest assignment. There is no pre-determined schedule for the writing assignments. They will be assigned as they are needed or as they appear to be appropriate given the advancement of the course.

 

E. Exams 3 @ 10% for 30%

 

There will be three exams over the course of the semester. Each exam will be worth 15% of the final grade, and will cover a select amount of material and will consist in short answer and essay questions.

X. Methods of Student Evaluation

 

Attendance                                        10%

Participation                                      20%

Writing Assignments                                    40%

Exams                                                            30%

 

Grading Scale 91% - 100% = A // 81% - 90% = B // 71% - 80% = C // 61% - 70% = D // below 61 = F

 

XI. Other Course Information

 

A.     General Writing Guidelines for the Course

1.      All writing work for this class, unless it is done in class, must be typed. No writing assignments that are not typed will be accepted.

2.      You cannot email me your writing assignments without prior approval. Any emailed assignments without prior approval will not be credited.

3.      However, the following points are required for any written work you turn in to me:

                                      i.      All writing should be college level—few to no grammatical mistakes. (Use spell-check, use the grammar-check. Watch out for run-on sentences. Each paragraph should have a point or thesis. If you don’t know this stuff, go to the Writing Center or talk to me.)

                                    ii.      All writing should be double-spaced with one inch margins. Your name should appear in the top left hand corner with the course name, date, etc.

                                  iii.      The essay should begin with a thesis statement—and the body of the essay should establish or work out the thesis.

                                   iv.      Avoid flowery language and filler. Don’t start anything you write for me with something like: “Plato was an important philosopher” or “Aristotle was a really important philosopher.” These kinds of sentences merely take up space. They do nothing to advance your ideas or your thesis. Remember your primary audience (ME).

                                     v.      All quotes and paraphrases should be properly cited. DO NOT PLAGIARIZE!

B.    Re-writing the writing assignments

It is possible for students to re-write any writing assignment that they have already turned in on time (or, according to other arrangements). In fact, I strongly recommend that you take the opportunity to re-write any of the assignments. However, there are few basic rules that must be followed—no exceptions will be allowed to these rules.

1.      You can only re-write assignments that have been turned in on time. No late assignments can be re-written.

2.      Re-writes cannot be emailed to the professor under any circumstances.

3.      You must meet with the professor before engaging in any re-writes—you cannot merely turn in a re-write without having talked with me: it will not be accepted. (It doesn’t have to be a long meeting, and I am available—and, believe me, I can probably help.)

4.      When you turn in your re-writes, they must be accompanied by both:

                                                  i.      The original essay with my comments and grade

                                                ii.      A short paragraph or page long description of what you did when you re-wrote the paper and why you did it.

5.      You cannot re-write if all you are going to do is correct grammatical or spelling mistakes. While it is true that such mistakes can impact your grade, they should not be made to begin with, and so you cannot turn in the same paper with only grammatical editing. You can only re-write papers that require some amount of change to the basic content. More specifically, you can re-write papers in order to:

                                                  i.      Strengthen its organization and the presentation of content (provide a thesis, paragraphs that have appropriate structure—i.e. advance the thesis, etc.);

                                                ii.      Clarify its main points;

                                              iii.      Strengthen its argumentation or fix flawed arguments;

                                               iv.      Add new arguments that better and more concisely establish your thesis.

6.      Any re-write must be turned in within three weeks of the original due date for the ARP. No exceptions will be allowed. However, three weeks is ample time to re-write a paper.

7.      PLEASE NOTE: merely re-writing a paper does not guarantee that your grade will improve—the paper itself must also improve.

 

C.    Late Assignments

 

1.      It is important to remember that there are no excused absences from this class. Whatever the reason for missing the class, if you are not in class, then you cannot earn the credit.

2.      ARPs can be turned in up to one week late without penalty—after than they will not be accepted for a grade. Remember, however, that no late ARPs can be re-written.

3.      You may take the exams late—up to one week late. However, there will be a 5% penalty attached.

 

D.    Extra-Credit

 

Extra-credit may be offered throughout the semester. However, there is no set number of extra-credit assignments nor is the professor under any obligation to offer extra-credit assignments. There will be some extra-credit offered to help make up for missed attendance points, particularly for those who have to miss a day due to religious observances.

 

E.     Basic Classroom Deportment (the “Do-not’s”)

You are all adults and should act as such. Thus, please refrain from the following behavior:

1.      Do not talk with your neighbors when either the professor or another student is talking;

2.      Turn off your cell-phone before you come to class (if you must leave it on for emergency reasons, just let me know);

3.      Do not come to class late or leave during the middle of class—particularly when someone else is in the middle of saying something (this is very rude);

4.      Please do not wander in and out of class—you may leave to use the restroom, but it makes a lot more sense and is far more respectful to use the restroom before class begins or after it ends;

5.      Do not show disdain for another student’s ideas—and certainly not the professor’s! You may, of course, disagree. Just do so respectfully;

6.      Do not, under any circumstances, come to my class and do course work for another class;

7.      Do not, under any circumstances, come to my class and sleep. Go home and take a nap.

I, and the other students, appreciate your presence in class and your contribution to class discussion—and your willingness to behave reasonably. Please note that failure to follow these simple requests may result in your being asked to leave the class.

 

F.     A Brief note on Grading

 

You can expect that I will return your work to you within at most one-week of your turning it in to me. If it takes longer than that, I will let you know before hand. Further, I will be as clear as possible about why you received the grade you did for any assignment (including your participation and discussion grade). If at any time you are unsure of why you received the grade you did, please do not hesitate to consult with me.

 

G.    Disabilities

If you have a documented learning, psychological, or physical disability you may be entitled to reasonable academic accommodations or services. To request accommodations or services, contact the ASSIST office in the Learning Center. All students are expected to fulfill essential course requirements. The College will not waive any essential skill or requirement of a course or degree program.

H.    Discrimination

The Oakton Community College Catalog states:

Oakton Community College does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, creed, religion, national origin, disability, age, sex, sexual orientation, or marital status in admission to and participation in its educational programs, activities and services, or employment practices.  The College does not tolerate sexual harassment or sexual assault by or of its students or employees.

In keeping with this policy of tolerance and non-discrimination, in this class all of us (myself included) should strive to listen and give careful consideration to all ideas expressed in class, especially those that are different from our own, without attacking or demeaning the people who have those views.  We should also strive to avoid using insulting terms or telling offensive jokes when talking to or about individuals or groups.

 

  1. Important Dates

August 24

Fall 2009 Semester Classes begin

August 29 noon

Last day to submit proof of residency, business service agreements and chargebacks/joint agreements

September 7

Labor Day holiday, College closed

September 20

Last day to withdraw from 16 week courses and have course dropped from record* Last day to change to Audit for 16 week courses

October 4

Incomplete (I) grades from Summer 2009 semester for which faculty have not submitted final grades will become an "F" after this date.

October 9 noon

Last day for filing Graduation Petitions

October 18

Last day to withdraw with a W from 16-week courses* Students will receive a grade in all courses in which they are enrolled after October 19.

November 11

Veterans' Day holiday, College closed

November 16

Registration opens for Spring 2010 Semester

November 26-29

Thanksgiving Recess, College closed

December 16

Last day of student attendance