TWO
TERMS
TO
BE FACTORABLE AN EXPRESSION WITH TWO TERMS MUST BE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:
-
PERFECT
SQUARE - PERFECT SQUARE
-
PERFECT
CUBE - PERFECT CUBE
-
PERFECT
CUBE + PERFECT CUBE
If
an expression fits both difference of two squares and difference of two
cubes, first factor as the difference of two cubes. Some of the factors
will be factorable now as the difference of two squares.
DIFFERENCE
OF SQUARES
Recognizing
terms that are perfect squares
Numbers:
The square root of the number must be rational.
The square root will be a whole number, a fraction,or a decimal that is
repeating or terminating.
Letters
with exponents: The exponent of the letter
must be even.
Letters
and numbers: Both must be perfect squares.
64
is a perfect square since its square root is 8.
1/4
is a perfect square since its square root is 1/2.
x8
is a perfect square since 8 is even.
x9
is not a perfect square since 9 is not even.
9x4
is a perfect square. (It's square root is 3x2)
3x2
is not a perfect square since 3 is not a perfect square.
Factoring
the difference of two squares
If
an expression is of the form perfect square
- perfect square it will factor into two binomials
that have the same terms but opposite signs between them.
To
factor A2 - B2 the two
binomials would be (A - B)(A + B)
The
pattern will be the same for any perfect square minus perect square with
the first positions being the square root of the first term and the second
positions being the square root of the second term.
To
factor 4x2 - 9y2 we
will get (2x - 3y)(2x + 3y)
SUMS
AND DIFFERENCES OF CUBES
Recognizing
terms that are perfect cubes
Numbers:
The cube root of numbers must be rational. It can be a whole number, a
fraction or a terminating or repeating decimal.
Letters
with exponents: All letters must have powers
that are divisible by three.
Letters
and numbers: All factors must
be perfect cubes.
64
is a perfect cube since its cube root is 8.
1/8
is a perfect square since its square root is 1/2.
x8
is not a perfect cube since 8 is not divisible by 3.
x9
is a perfect cube since 9 is divisible by 3.
27x6
is a perfect cube. (Its cube root is 3x2)
3x6
is not a perfect cube since 3 is not a perfect cube.
Factoring
sums or differences of Cubes
First
we label an A and a B: A= cube root of the first term
B= cube root of the second term
Choose
the appropriate formula (depending on whether the expression you are factoring
is a sum or a difference.) Replace the letter A with its equivalent and
the letter B with its equivalent. Simplify.
(A3
+ B3) = (A + B)(A2 - AB + B2)
(A3
- B3) = (A - B)(A2 + AB + B2)